White-Tailed Eagle Algorithm for Global Optimization and Low-Cost and Low-CO2 Emission Design of Retaining Structures

This study proposes a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm, namely the white-tailed eagle algorithm (WEA), for global and optimum design of retaining structures. Metaheuristic methods are now broadly implemented to address problems in variety scientific domains. These algorithms typically inspired by natural behavior an agent, which can be humans, animals, plants, or any physical agent. However, specific (MA) may not able find optimal solution every situation. As result, researchers will aim propose discover order identify best solutions problems. The (WEA) is simple but effective nature-inspired social life hunting activity eagles. WEA’s divided into two phases. In first phase (exploration), eagles seek prey inside searching region. goes designated space according position (exploitation). proposed approach tested using 13 unimodal multimodal benchmark test functions, results compared those obtained some well-established methods. addition, automates structures under seismic load, considering objectives: economic cost CO2 emissions. experiments comparisons reveal that WEA high-performance effectively explore decision outperform almost all comparative majority